In this research, the effects of Prosopis juliflora on annual natural vegetation, soil properties and farm land in Sirik area in the east of Minab, Hormozgan province was carried out in 2001 and 2005. Since natural ecosystems and their stability, especially natural vegetation are a national wealth, it is necessary to evaluate effects of this invasive SPECIEs. In this research, at two different times (2001 and 2005) percent age of annual vegetation cover including grasses and forbs were measured with plots of 0.5 m2 under canopy cover of P. juliflora and open area, in the study area. Soil samples were taken at 0-15 and 15-30 centimeter depths and in laboratory soil properties measured. Then, using Mini-Tab software, soil and vegetation parameters, in plots sampled, under and outside the canopy cover of this SPECIEs, were compared with T tests. Results showed that percent of cover of annual vegetation including grasses, forbs and total of percent cover under canopy and open area in years when rainfall is high, have significant difference between percent cover under canopy and open area. Results also show that, there is significant difference in some soil properties such as pH, Electrical conductivity and organic carbon in depth of 0-15 centimeter. Statistical comparison showed pH is decreased in canopy cover and some soil properties such as organic carbon has increased significantly in canopy cover. Despite of the P. juliflora effects on natural environment, because of the natural regeneration, these SPECIEs regenerate in agricultural lands and gardens with seeds which are transported by water, domestic animals, and wildlife. P. juliflora makes density thicket and reduce table of groundwater. P. juliflora, also, causes undesirable effects on domestic animals, therefore, farmers and ranchers encounter big problem.

In his early work, Wittgenstein does not refer to aesthetics very much. However, his few statements on aesthetics suggest a certain theory of aesthetics he believed in. A theory which thinks that art-object requires some attitude or way of looking for being seen as art; whereas as far as ordinary objects are concerned, it is not the case. He explains his attitude by introducing the idea of 'sub SPECIE eterni' and tries to place the concept within his philosophical framework. In this paper, we try to elaborate the concept 'sub SPECIE eterni' and its relationship with ethics and aesthetics in the Tractatus and evaluate its logical implications in Wittgenstein's early work.

Artemia is a crustacean whose importance as a livefood in the field of aquaculture, has been known since 1930 decade. Today Artemia culturing, is considered as the main way to achieve such animal. Due to influence of Artemia SPECIEs on the growing of this SPECIEs, in addition to the environmental items; In this study, an Artemia SPECIEs from Ghom Province (A partenogenetica), were cultured together with an imported SPECIEs (A.franciscana), each in 3 treatments as territorial ponds along the southern coast of Ghom’s Namak Lake for a 180-day growing period. The results indicated that Nauplii production, cyst culture and biomass production of the local SPECIEs were more suitable than the imported one, as (80± 10) kg/hectare and (66± 5) kg/hectare of cyst were produced from A.partenogenetica and A.franciscana SPECIEs, respectively. Also, (2,800± 25) and (2,200± 20) kg/hectare of biomass were achieved from A.partenogenetica and A.franciscana, respectively during the husbandry term. The final result of this study showed that adaptability of the local SPECIEs with the local growing natural environmental conditions is more cost-effective and preserving the region from presence of the invasive SPECIEs.

The quality of the INVADER brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, colonized in Covelong saltworks, Kelambakkam (South India) was evaluated based on biometrics, hatching characteristics andnutritional composition of cyst and freshly hatched nauplii. Hydrated cysts measured 238.31±10.42mm in diameter, while the freshly hatched nauplii measured about 429.00±12.19 mm in length. Ahatching of 76.80±5.68% was obtained with hydrated cysts. Time required to obtain 90% hatchingwas 22.31 hrs for this strain. The hatching synchronization time was of 4.41 hrs. The proximatecomposition of the decapsulated cysts and newly hatched nauplii showed high level of protein, energycontent and low ash content. Fatty acids analysis of the freshly hatched nauplii indicated low levelof EPA and absence (or undetectable) of DHA.

The influence of plant primary compounds on the activity of soil microbial communities under heavy metal stress was studied in a pot-culture field experiment conducted in a green house. Amaranthus spinosus was cultivated in an agricultural soil previously amended in the laboratory with solutions of different trace elements in two separate treatment modes: singly and in combination. Culture-independent metabolism based indices such as the rate of carbon and nitrogen mineralization, microbial biomass carbon and soil basal respiration were monitored fortnightly over a period of six weeks. Result shows that plant detritus have significant modifying effect on soil microbe-metal interactions. Data on microbial and biochemical processes in the respective mesocosms did not vary from control; not even in mesocosms containing very high concentrations of copper, zinc and nickel. The soil microbial biomass carbon and the rate of carbon and nitrogen cycling were not impeded by the respective metal treatment while the respiration responses increased as a result of increase in metabolic activity of the soil microbes. The plant based substrates enabled the soil microflora to resist high metal contamination because of its tendency to absorb large amounts of inorganic cations.

Thyme plants are considered as one of the most widely consumed with having essential oils and secondary metabolites and valuable medicinal plants in the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the performance of native wild SPECIE (kotchyanus boiss.) and agronomic SPECIE (Thymus vulgaris) in field condition. By introducing the production potential of new SPECIEs could prevent the import of foreign SPECIEs such as Thymus vulgaris. The exprimental design was conducted with three levels of nitrogen ferti-lizer (75, 150 and 225 kg/ha) and control (No fertilizer) with three replications as factorial in the basis of randomized complete blocks design. Effects of different levels of nitrogen and interaction effect of experi-mental factors on stem diameter, plant fresh and dry weight, essential oil percent and essential oil yield were significant. The mean comparison results indicated that, the essential oil percentage for Thymus kotschaynus and Thymus vulgaris were 0.83% and 0.33% alternatively. The highest essential oil yield for Thymus vulgaris and Thymus kotschaynus gained 30.6 and 3.53 kg/ha subsequently. So as the result of some measured traits signification, the ability of Kotchyanus SPECIE to adaptation was showed and wide researches on different aspects of this plant is nessesory in long terms.

With respect of ABA effect on different plant growth condition, probability there is a relation between internal factor and resistance for environmental stresses, which in this result have been studied. In this experiment 3 different hormonal concentration at 0, 20 and 40 PPM with 3 different water potential at 0, -4, and -8 Bar at different temperature (15, 25, and 35°c) on five different pasture SPECIEs (Agropyon thrichophorom, Bromus tomentellus, Festuca ovina, Secal montanum, Stipa barbata) were examined.The experiment were conducted in Split Plat in place with 135 variables. The result showed that at hormonal activity with decrease of water potential and increase of temperature, rate of Proline Amino Acid and internal ABA were increased. Also result show the there is a kind of adaptability of plant to environmental stress for growth and developmental activity

Background: Specialists are more interest to grape seed oil for antioxidant activity. Flavonoid compounds, particularly proanthocyanidin are mainly responsible for antioxidant potential in grape seed oil. In addition, recently the interest in using natural remedies to treat diseases increases the use of herbal drugs. The protective effect of grape seed and Jaft extract (a part of oak fruit) was studied on liver toxicity which induced by carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) in rats.Methods: This study carried out on 28 male Wister rats. Mixture of hydroalchoholic grape seed and Jaft extracts was gavaged (200mg/kg) in two groups of extract control and experiment groups, daily for 7 days. At the same time, in two groups of CCl4 (toxic ) and treatment, CCl4 in olive oil solution was injected (1ml/kg i.p) since third day, daily, for 5 days. In control groups, olive oil injected (0.5ml/kg i.p) daily, for 5 days.Results: There was significant (P≤0.05) increase in the hepatic enzyme levels such as Aspartate Transaaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphates (ALP) and Bilirubin in toxic group compare to control group. Treat with extract can reduce elevation of liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin, that caused by CCl4 toxin. The administered of extract only, did not meaningfully alter the enzyme levels when compared to the control groups.Conclusion: According to damage induced by CCl4 and protective potential of extract, we can recommend that mixture of grape seed and Jaft extract has hepatoprotective effect due to antioxidant components.